Internal-combustion engine



6. F. LYBECK INTERNAL COMBUSTION Emma Filed June 5, 1925' .3 E LE" 23 24/6 /9 TH E l0 5 6 L Q 15 fig. 4a. 5 5

Patented Nov. 16, 1926.

PATENT QFFICE.

GUNNAR FREIDRIK LYBECK, OF AUGUSTENDAL, NEAR STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Application filed June 3, 1925, Serial No. 34,660, and in Sweden June26, 1924.

In internal combustion engines working without injection of water itisdesirable to adjust the temperature of the combustion chamber tomaintain said chamber sufficiently hot at no-load and low load so as toenable the fuel to ignite without failure, but prevent the fuel frombeing superheated at higher loads. To this end it has been proposed toprovide the combustion chamber with a cooling jacket having controllingmeans to permit starting or shutting off the circulation of the coolingliquid.

If water containing salt or lime is used as circulating liquid withinsaid jacket, incrusts will be formed upon the inner surface of thejacket which will considerably reduce the heat transfer to the coolingwater and maycause acomplete obstruction of the cooling channel.

The object of the present invention is to provide simple and easilycontrolled means to control the flow of the cooling water, at the sametime completely avoiding the formation of incrnsts on the cooling jacketsurface. 7

One feature of the invention involves the provision of a draining deviceat or near the lowermost point of the cooling jacket, said drainingdevice being either mechani cally controlled or automatically operatingin such a way as to be opened or open when the circulation through thecooling jacket is shut off by closing the means through which the ac.:etcommunicates with the circulating systei'n so that the jacket will forma completely closed chamber. .Vhen thus closing the cooling jacket,while the engine is running or hot, steam will be generated within theclosed cooling jacket and will immediately cause the coo 'ng medium todischarge through the draining device.

In the accompanying, forming part of this specification, one embodimentof the invention is illustratech Fig. 1 is a vertical section of thecombustion chamber of an internal combustion engine having a coolingjacketand controlling means according to this invention, said meansbeing shown in closed position. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of saidcombustion chamber and said controlling means. Figs. 3 and l arevertical and horizontal sections, respectively, of the controllingmeans, shown in completely open position.

With reference to the drawing, the numeral 1 designates the cylinder ofthe engine with its cooling jacket 2. 3 is the piston reciprocating inthe cylinder 1. The cylinder cover 4: is provided with a cooling jacketcommunicating" with the cylinder cooling jacket 2, and carried by thecylinder cover l is the combustion chamber 5 closed at its top by a toppiece 6 having a fuel injection nozzle 7. Tie combustion chamber isdimensioned so as to maintain itself sufficiently hot under normalconditions to positively cause ignition of the fuel injected when theengine is running at noload or at low load, While at the same timeavoiding superheating.

To avoid superheating at higherloads the combustion chamber is providedwith a cooling jacket 8. The inlet 9 of said cooling jacket is situatednear the outlet 10 (Figs. 2, l) from which it is separated merely by apartition 11. .The inlet 9 and the outlet 10 communicate with theinterior of a valve casing 12 at either side of a bailie 13 formin anextension of the partition Wallll,

said baffle 13 dividing the valve casing 12' into two separate passages14, 15 in front of a valve 16 serving as a common means to control theconnection between said two passages l i, and a supply pipe 17 leadingfrom the cooling jacket of the cylinder cover or between said twopassages and a discharge pipe 18 leading to a cooling jacket formed inthe top piece 6 of the combustion chamber. The valve 16 is formed with afork-shaped ezgtension 19 embracing the bafi'le 13 to form a tightclosure between the passages l l, 15 in all valve positions.

The cooling jacket 8 is provided atits top with an air branch controlledby a cook 20. I

Extending from a point at or near the bottom of the cooling jacket 8 isa draining passage 21 which is shown as provided with a manuallycontrolled drain'cock 22, which may be replaced, however, by anautomatic valve designed to open at a predetermined pressure aboveatmospheric inside the draining passage or cooling jacket. 7

The valve 16 is controlled by means of a nanoovheel 21-3 attached to thevalve stem. Said hand-wheel is formed with an inwardly extending,tubular extension 2-1 adapted to engage projection formed on tle cock insuch a way as to prevent closing of valve 16 except when the cock isopened. Fig. 3 shows the cock 22 in closed state there y preventingclosing of the valve 16, while in Fig. 1 the cock is shown in open stateand the valve 16 in closed state. On the other hand, the cook 22 cannotbe closed except when thevalve 16 is opened, 7

The detailed operation 01"- the mechanism is as follows:

At no-load or at low load the valve 16 is maintained in closed position.The cooling water from the cooling jacket 2 of the cylinder 1 or fromthe cooling acket of the cylin der cover-will now pass behind the valve16, as indicated in Fig. 2, directly from conduit 1! to conduit 18 andthrough the latter into tl e cylinder cover cooling jacket. The coolingacket 8 of the combustion chamber will,

consequently, not receive a y cooling water.

If the load on the engine is increased to such a degree as to requirecooling of the combustion chamber the valve 16 is opened to allow thewater from conduit 17 to enter the cooling jacket 8 by way of passage 14and opening 9 and, after having passed said jacket 8, to flow outthrough opening 10 and passage and enter the conduit 18 to then enterthe cooling jacket of the top piece 6. The cooling effect thus obtainedpermits the engine to be overloaded to its utmost degree without anytendency for the engine of being heated too highly. The cooling of thecombustion chamber should not be started until after this is required bythe load of the engine because, otherwise, 1nisfires may take place as aresult of too low temperatures.

The valve 16 may, if desired, also take a half-opened position (notshown) allowing part only of the water from the conduit 17 to passthrough the cooling jacket 8, the remaining part of the water passingbehind the valve 16 directly into the conduit 18.

Diilerent oils require a different cooling efiect and it is, therefore,impracticable to predetermine any load at which the controlling valveshould be opened or closed, but experience will settle this after theengine has been runninga short time.

In order to prevent to thehighest degree possible the formation ofcrusts upon the inner surface of the cooling jacket 8 the latter shouldbe emptied subsequent to each operation thereof. According to theinvention this result is obtained by a rapid and eflicient scavengingoperation realized by mere ly closing the controlling valve 16 prior tothe stoppage of the engine or, at any rate, while the engine is stillhot. Before the valve 16 can be closed the drain cock 22 should first beopened. The cooling jacket 8 will thus be completely closed except forthe cock 22. The steam produced within the cooling jacket 8 due to theheat will now collect over t is water surface within the cooling jacket8 and compel the water to discharge through the drain passage 21 therebyefiecting a rapid and thorough drainin or scavenging of the coolingjacket. Boiling resulting in the formation of crusts will, thus, beprevented. l/Vith the drain cook 22 replaced by an automatic valve theoperation will be the same as that above described inasmuch as saidvalve will open at a certain increase of pressure within the coolingjacket 8.

To start the scavenging or draining process the operator must only closethe valve 16, that is, shut off the circulation of cooling water throughjacket 8.

Only in case the engine is in cold state the drain cook also should beopened.

A reason in addition to that already stated for training the coolingjacket in connection with the shutting off of the water circulationtherethrough is that the Starting period of the engine will be short atemptied cooling jacket as compared with that at filled jacket.

What I claim is: 1. In an internal combustion engine, a combustionchamber, a cooling jacket surrounding said chamber, means to circulatewater through said cooling jacket and to shut off circulation of watertherethrough, a separate draining device communicating with said coolingjacket at a low point thereof, means to control said draining device,said first-mentioned means and said last-mentioned means being designedto mutually control each other, so that the draining device must beopen, before the circulation of water can be shut off, an vice versa. 2.In an internal combustion engine, a combustion chamber, a cooling jacketsurrounding said chamber, a cooling liquid system, a valve mechanism toconnect said jacket in series into said system or disconnect ittherefrom wholly or partially, a draining device communicating with saidcooling jacket at a low point thereof, connections between said valvemechanism and said drainin device to cause said mechanism and saiddevice to mutually control each other in such a way that the drainingdevice must be opened before the valve mechanism can be set todisconnect said cooling jacket from said cooling system.

j 3. In an. internal combustion engine a combustion chamber, a coolingjacket surrounding said chamber, a, cooling liquid system, a valvemechanism to connect said jacket in seriesinto said system or disconnectit therefrom Wholly or partially, a nism can be set to disconnect saidcooling draining device communicating with said jacket from said coolingsystem, and an 10 cooling jacket at a low point thereof, conair escapecock in communication with said nections between said valve mechanismand cooling jacket.

said draining device to cause said mechanism In testimony whereof I havesigned my and said device to mutually control each name.

other in such a way that the draining device must be opened before thevalve mecha- GUNNAR FREDRIK LYBECK.

